Chapter 5: Pluto is not a Planet

Read the passage. Then answer questions about the passage below.

Proyecto Salón Hogar

   Page 1

 

Questions   1. According to the IAU, what classifies Pluto as a dwarf planet?     A. It is smaller than the other planets      B. It does not orbit the sun     C. It is not large enough to become round due to the force of its own gravity     D. Both B and C     2. What does IAU stand for?     A. International Association of the Universe     B. Intergalactic Association Union     C. International Astronomical Union     D. International House of Pancakes     3. What does Andy Cheng think about the IAU’s definition of a planet?     A. He thinks the IAU is not clear enough about the roundness of a planet     B. He thinks that Pluto is not a planet     C. He thinks that Pluto is not round enough to be considered a planet     D. He thinks the IAU gives a clear definition of a planet     4. What did Owen Gingerich support?     A. A proposal to call the eight planets “planets”     B. A proposal to call the eight planets “dwarf planets”     C. A proposal to call the eight planets “classical planets”     D. A proposal to call Pluto a “classical planet”

Page 2

 

5. What is the Author’s Purpose of this article?     A. To inform the reader     B. To tell a story     C. To persuade the reader     D. To expose the beliefs of the author     Review  A. Circle the nouns that name people and animals. Cross out the nouns that name ideas and objects.   Robert                          house cat                                peace excitement                   bowl mother                         sadness mailbox                       student     B.  Write the plural form of the following nouns.     1. family:  ______________                     2. school:  ______________                    3. loaf:      ______________                      4. box:      ______________      5. deer:     ______________      6. brush:   ______________

Page 3

 

	C. Write the singular form of the following nouns.    1. skies:       ______________                   2. hugs:       ______________                   3. fish:         ______________    4. children:  ______________    5. foxes:      ______________    6. rooms:     ______________     D. Rewrite the sentences correctly. Circle the possessive nouns. Draw a line to separate the subject and the predicate in each sentence.      1. Uncle colorful shirt is Paul’s.    __________________________________________________________________________________________      2. The new family's Virginia cabin is in.    __________________________________________________________________________________________   E.   Write a paragraph explaining what you think a family is.    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 4       Clocks    Clocks are used to measure time. Clocks are used to show the time. Clocks are used so that people can agree on the time.    People use clocks to measure units of time that are shorter than natural units. Natural units are the day, the month, and the year. The sun rises at the beginning of each day.    The moon is new at the beginning of each month. The sun appears at the same place in the sky at the beginning of each year. The clock is a very old invention. Sundials were used in ancient times.    Sundials work by measuring shadows that are cast by the sun. Candle clocks were used a very long time ago. Candle clocks work by measuring the time it takes for the wax to melt.       Hourglasses are similar to candle clocks because they also measure the time it takes for something to happen. Hourglasses work by measuring the time it takes for sand to pour through a small opening into a glass.    Mechanical clocks appeared in the 13th century in Europe. They work with a system of moving gears. The gears always move at the same speed. Pendulum clocks work with a swinging weight.     The swinging weight is called a pendulum. The pendulum makes the clock parts move. Now people typically use mechanical clocks or digital clocks. Digital clocks show numbers on a screen.    The numbers represent the time. Some people use auditory clocks. Auditory clocks use language to tell the time aloud.    Computers also use clocks. Computers use internal clocks in order to work properly. In today’s world, clocks are every-where –– in homes, schools, offices, and public places. Many people live their lives according to the clock.    People go to work and return home according to the clock. School days start and end according to the clock. Airplanes take off and land according to the clock. It is fun to imagine a world without clocks!       Page 5
	Questions   1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is/are true? I) The clock is people’s oldest invention. II) Sundials were the first kind of clock that people  invented. III) Mechanical clocks contain gears.    A) I only    B) II only    C) III only    D) I and II only    E) II and III only     2. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?    A) Why clocks are used    B) How sundials work    C) How hourglasses are similar to candle clocks    D) What types of clocks have been invented    E) How mechanical clocks are different from digital clocks
Page 6
	3. Auditory most closely means    A) related to machines    B) related to numbers    C) related to hearing    D) related to moving parts    E) related to the sun     Literature: The Conflict of a Story      The term conflict refers to the events that result from the struggle between two opposing forces in a story. In most stories, the main character is involved in this struggle.   Typically, there are four kinds of conflicts:    -The main character struggles against another person.    -The main character struggles against nature.    -The main character struggles with society.    -The main character struggles with him or herself.         Example: He is struggling against a group of people (society).                      Ralph is deciding whether to work with Charles or not.                      Since it is a decision he has to make alone, he is struggling with himself.     There are two additional categories of conflicts:   An internal conflict is a struggle that takes place in a character's mind.   An external conflict is a struggle between a character and an outside force.
Page 7
	Classify the conflicts below, according to the four basic kinds of conflicts.   Write IC if the conflict is internal or EC if it is external.              1. A child wants to go out and play, but he has to study.                         ___    2. A man is struggling to walk home against the fierce winds.               ___    3. A community is struggling with the government to prevent floods.     ___    4. A little boy cries because he is afraid of the dark.                               ___     Literature: The Plot of a Story          1. Rising Action: Two boys ride to school on their bikes.    2. Conflict: It is raining cats and dogs! They can hardly see where they're going.    3. Climax: A car drives by at an excessive speed. The boys and the car crash!    4. Falling Action: The boys lie on the street crying. They have not been harmed.    5. Resolution: The boys decide to never ever ride their bikes in stormy weather again.      What does this diagram illustrate?  _______________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 8
	Most stories revolve around a storyline, which is called the plot. The plot is composed of the order in which the main events of a story take place. The plot forms the backbone of a story, play, or narrative poem.   The following elements are part of every plot:     The rising action, or exposition, includes the introduction of the characters, and setting.    The conflict of the story presents the main struggle of the characters in the story.    The climax, or turning point, is the highest point of suspense in the story.   This point in the story determines the conclusion, or outcome, of the story.    The falling action presents the consequences of the turning point.    The resolution, or outcome, of the story is the conclusion, or ending.   At this point, the tension in the story may have disappeared, the characters may have changed, or the conflict may have been solved. Think of an adventure for Ralph and Charley. Write down the plot in five sentences that describe the rising action, conflict, climax, falling action, and resolution.      1. Rising action: _____________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    2. Conflict:  _________________________________________________________________________________       __________________________________________________________________________________________    3. Climax:   _________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    4. Falling action: _____________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    5. Resolution: _______________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________   Vocabulary: The Thesaurus What kind of information can we find in a thesaurus? A thesaurus is a kind of dictionary that contains words that have been grouped based on similar meaning. A thesaurus enables you to identify synonyms and antonyms. When you are writing, using a thesaurus will help you to find words that express a specific meaning.   A. Look up synonyms for the following words in your thesaurus. Write them down on the lines provided.    1. bright:         _______________________________________________________________________________    2. wonderful:  _______________________________________________________________________________    3. to watch:     _______________________________________________________________________________    4. particular:   _______________________________________________________________________________   B. Rewrite the following text by replacing the underlined words with synonyms that you have found in a thesaurus. Steve is very witty. He ponders his situation. He comes up with a bright idea. He induces his friends to help him with his task. Aunt Polly is satisfied with the result.    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________    __________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 9
	The Internet     Have you ever used the Internet? The Internet is a system of networks that connects computers around the planet. When you are connected to the Internet, you are online. While online, you can access different websites and pages from different kinds of organizations, libraries, and institutions. Using or surfing the Internet allows you to:    -Research information about any topic.    -Send and receive electronic mail, or e-mails, and download programs, games, texts, images, music, and videos.    -Access library catalogs and books.    -Participate in discussion rooms, or chat rooms.    -Listen to or watch international radio and television programs.     On the Internet, you can even find online dictionaries and thesaurus.     Example: Visit the website www.thesaurus.com. In this website, when you type a word in the search box, you will receive a list of synonyms, as well as a list of antonyms. A. Choose one of the following topics. Locate six websites that provide you with relevant information about the topic of your choice. __ 1. literature __ 2. cartoons __ 3. animals __ 4. world history __ 5. sports __ 6. artists   B. List the websites you found. My Websites     1. __________________________________________________________________               2. __________________________________________________________________     3. __________________________________________________________________     4. __________________________________________________________________   Grammar: Pronouns Pronouns are words that replace the noun or nouns in a sentence.     Example: Mr. Jones likes Tom's work.                     He likes his work.   A. Circle the pronouns.      1. We went to the river on Saturday.      2. My family and I painted all day.      3. They are looking for some books.      4. He gave me his favorite toy car.      5. She cared for her pet as if it were a human being.      6. Those books are ours.      7. That is their ferryboat!      8. His was the longest fence ever.      9. They painted all afternoon.    10. We will go on a ferryboat!   B. Match the words with the pronouns that could replace them.      __ 1. the boy                            a. you      __ 2. the friends                       b. she      __ 3. the cat                             c. he      __ 4. my friends and I             d. they      __ 5. my aunt                           e. we      __ 6. you and your friends       f. it
Page 10
	Grammar: Subject and Object Pronouns Read the following sentences. Ken and Shirley are going to fix Mr. Rob's fence. They are going to fix his fence.   A subject pronoun replaces the subject of a sentence.     Example: Mr. Rob asked Ken to fix the fence. He asked Shirley to fix the fence.   Subject pronouns may be singular or plural.    -Singular: I, you, he, she, it    -Plural: we, you, they   Object pronouns are pronouns that replace the noun or nouns in the predicate of a sentence.    Example: Mr. Rob asked Ken to fix the fence. Mr. Rob asked him to fix the fence.   Object pronouns may be singular or plural.    -Singular: me, you, him, her, it    -Plural: us, you, them   Circle the subject pronouns. Underline the object pronouns.    1. He is taking it to Aunt Polly.    2. We will work on it all day.    3. They loved her very much.    4. He asked him to let him paint for a while.    5. I will give her a present.    6. Will you help me?    7. She gave me this book.    8. She asked them to paint the fence.    9. I will call her tonight.    10. We wrote it quickly.    11. Why don't you let us have a turn?    12. It is growling at me!    13. I will help you!    14. I will wash it tomorrow.
Page 11